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Impact of anthropogenic heat emissions on meteorological parameters and air quality in Beijing using

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1478-3

摘要：

The Large scale Urban Consumption of energ Y model was updated and coupled with WRF.

关键词： Anthropogenic heat emissions LUCY High-resolution Meteorological parameters Air quality

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风能资源开发利用的气象技术应用和发展

宋丽莉,周荣卫,杨振斌,朱蓉

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 96-101

摘要：

基于要实现科学高效地开发利用风能资源，促进我国从风能大国向风能强国发展，针对风能资源开发利用过程中的气象技术应用，依据过去大量的项目实践、数据分析和相关测试试验结果，归纳总结了气象技术在我国风能资源开发利用各环节的应用现状、存在问题及其对项目效益可能产生的影响；在分析大气科学的相关原理和风电产业发展对气象技术应用的特殊需求基础上，提出了风能资源测量、分析评估、数值模拟和数值预报技术应用时应注意的几个关键技术问题及其发展方向。

关键词：风能资源气象技术测量和评估模拟和预报

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Impacts of emissions and meteorological changes on China’s ozone pollution in the warm seasons of 2013

Dian Ding, Jia Xing, Shuxiao Wang, Xing Chang, Jiming Hao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1160-1

摘要： O3 increment is mainly caused by changes in meteorology rather than emissions. Emission reduction is effective to reduce O3 nationwide, especially in summer. Strengthened NOx controls are necessary to meet the ambient O3 standard. We have quantified the impacts of anthropogenic emissions reductions caused by the Air Pollution Control Action Plan and changes in meteorological fields between 2013 and 2017 on the warm-season O3 concentration in China using a regional 3D chemical transport model. We found that the impact on daily maximum eight-hour (MDA8) O3 concentration by the meteorological variation that mostly increased O3 was greater than that from emission reduction, which decreased O3. Specifically, the control measures implemented since 2013 in China have reduced SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and VOC emissions by 33%, 25%, 30%, and 4% in 2017, while NH3 emissions have increased by 7%. The changes in anthropogenic emissions lowered MDA8 O3 by 0.4–3.7 ppb (0.8%–7.6%, varying by region and month), although MDA8 O3 was increased slightly in some urban areas (i.e. North China) at the beginning/end of warm seasons. Relative to 2013, the average 2 m temperature in 2017 shows increments in North, North-east, East, and South China (0.34℃–0.83℃) and decreases in Central China (0.24℃). The average solar radiation shows increments in North, North-east, and South China (7.0–9.7 w/m2) and decreases in Central, South-west, and North-west China (4.7–10.3 w/m2). The meteorological differences significantly change MDA8 O3 by -3.5–8.5 ppb (-8.2%–18.8%) with large temporal variations. The average MDA8 O3 was slightly increased in North, North-east, East, and South China. The response surface model suggests that the O3 formation regime transfers from NOx-saturated in April to NOx-limited in July on average in China.

关键词： O₃ pollution Meteorological influences Emission reduction NO_x VOC

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PM2.5 over North China based on MODIS AOD and effect of meteorological elements during 2003‒2015

Youfang Chen, Yimin Zhou, Xinyi Zhao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1202-8

摘要： The Taihang Mountains was the boundary between high and low pollution areas. There were one high value center for PM2.5 pollution and two low value centers. In 2004, 2009 and after 2013, PM2.5 concentration was relatively low. Over the past 40 years, PM2.5 pollution in North China has become increasingly serious and progressively exposes the densely populated areas to pollutants. However, due to limited ground data, it is challenging to estimate accurate PM2.5 exposure levels, further making it unfavorable for the prediction and prevention of PM2.5 pollutions. This paper therefore uses the mixed effect model to estimate daily PM2.5 concentrations of North China between 2003 and 2015 with ground observation data and MODIS AOD satellite data. The tempo-spatial characteristics of PM2.5 and the influence of meteorological elements on PM2.5 is discussed with EOF and canonical correlation analysis respectively. Results show that overall R2 is 0.36 and the root mean squared predicted error was 30.1 μg/m3 for the model prediction. Our time series analysis showed that, the Taihang Mountains acted as a boundary between the high and low pollution areas in North China; while the northern part of Henan Province, the southern part of Hebei Province and the western part of Shandong Province were the most polluted areas. Although, in 2004, 2009 and dates after 2013, PM2.5 concentrations were relatively low. Meteorological/topography conditions, that include high surface humidity of area in the range of 34°‒40°N and 119°‒124°E, relatively low boundary layer heights, and southerly and easterly winds from the east and north area were common factors attributed to haze in the most polluted area. Overall, the spatial distribution of increasingly concentrated PM2.5 pollution in North China are consistent with the local emission level, unfavorable meteorological conditions and topographic changes.

关键词： Aerosol optical depth PM_2.5 MODIS Mixed effect model Canonical correlation analysis

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中国的极轨气象卫星

孟执中

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第10期页码 1-5

摘要：

气象卫星是具有巨大经济和社会效益的应用卫星，中国的极轨气象卫星经历了从试验阶段到业务应用阶段的发展历程。文章简要介绍了“风云一号”（FY-1）极轨气象卫星的发展概况和技术性能，星载十通道扫描辐射计和长寿命、高可靠极轨卫星平台取得的成功；重点介绍了中国新一代的极轨气象卫星“风云三号”（FY-3）的总体概况，归纳了卫星的技术特点。

关键词：极轨气象卫星 FY-1卫星 FY-3卫星

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中国气象预报业务工程体系建设和发展

颜宏,李泽椿,马清云,田翠英

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第11期页码 88-93

摘要：

文章介绍中国气象预报业务工程体系的建设和发展过程、现代气象预报业务所包含的子系统及其相关技术以及21世纪气象预报业务建设的技术发展趋势和展望。

关键词：气象预报业务工程体系发展

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海洋气象观测系统在热带气旋资料同化中的应用

万齐林,何金海

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第10期页码 33-42

摘要：

在分析南海海洋气象观测现状和发展规划的基础上，发现有必要发展合适的资料同化技术，提高资料利用效率，才能克服海洋气象资料相对缺乏来提升数值预报水平。利用多尺度/分块逐批资料同化技术，进行热带气旋资料同化试验。结果表明：多尺度/分块逐批资料同化技术能够适应具有多尺度特征的热带气旋资料同化，较好地满足热带气旋资料同化对流依赖背景误差协方差同化技术的要求，能够较合理高效地利用海洋气象观测资料。基于多尺度/分块逐批资料同化技术，加强海洋气象观测系统的应用，是形成高质量热带气旋初值环流的一种有效途径。

关键词：海洋气象观测资料利用效率多尺度/分块逐批资料同化热带气旋初值环流

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风云气象卫星的地面应用系统

许健民,钮寅生,董超华,张文健,杨军

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第11期页码 13-18

摘要：

我国从20世纪70年代开始实施自己的气象卫星计划，经过30多年的工作，已经建立起风云1号极轨和风云2号静止两个系列的气象卫星。地面应用系统是风云气象卫星大系统中的一个重要组成部分。文章就地面应用系统的规划工作、关键技术问题的解决以及业务运行成功率的提高等三个方面做了回顾；风云气象卫星已成为我国现代化气象业务系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分，并被世界气象组织正式列为世界天气监视网全球观测系统的一个组成部分；从气象卫星获取的大气和地表信息，已被广泛应用于天气预报、气候预测、环境和自然灾害监测、农业等多个国民经济领域；讨论了风云气象卫星地面应用系统成功的经验。

关键词：风云气象卫星地面系统卫星应用

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Inverse identification of the mechanical parameters of a pipeline hoop and analysis of the effect of

Ye GAO, Wei SUN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第3期页码 358-368 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0539-9

摘要： To create a dynamic model of a pipeline system effectively and analyze its vibration characteristics, the mechanical characteristic parameters of the pipeline hoop, such as support stiffness and damping under dynamic load, must be obtained. In this study, an inverse method was developed by utilizing measured vibration data to identify the support stiffness and damping of a hoop. The procedure of identifying such parameters was described based on the measured natural frequencies and amplitudes of the frequency response functions (FRFs) of a pipeline system supported by two hoops. A dynamic model of the pipe-hoop system was built with the finite element method, and the formulas for solving the FRF of the pipeline system were provided. On the premise of selecting initial values reasonably, an inverse identification algorithm based on sensitivity analysis was proposed. A case study was performed, and the mechanical parameters of the hoop were identified using the proposed method. After introducing the identified values into the analysis model, the reliability of the identification results was validated by comparing the predicted and measured FRFs of the pipeline. Then, the developed method was used to identify the support stiffness and damping of the pipeline hoop under different preloads of the bolts. The influence of preload was also discussed. Results indicated that the support stiffness and damping of the hoop exhibited frequency-dependent characteristics. When the preloads of the bolts increased, the support stiffness increased, whereas the support damping decreased.

关键词： inverse identification pipeline hoop frequency response function mechanical parameters preload

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Effect of thermodynamic parameters on the performance of refrigerator-ejector

Lihong CAO, Yicai LIU, Chao WAN, Tianlong XIN, Qian HUANG, Mingyan ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 517-521 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0004-2

摘要： A 3D calculation model of a refrigerator-ejector was built and simulated in a compression/injection hybrid refrigeration cycle system by using the FLUENT software of CFD. The effect of thermodynamic parameters (the pressure of primary fluid and secondary fluid) on the performance of the refrigerator-ejector was studied. The boundary conditions were set according to the actual operating condition and the parameters of refrigerator experimental sample. The numerical calculation results show that there is one optimal pressure of primary fluid, i.e., = 0.06612 MPa, corresponding to the maximum entrainment ratio, i.e., = 0.568; and there is one optimal pressure of secondary fluid, i.e., = 0.04837 MPa, corresponding to the maximum entrainment ratio, i.e., = 0.564.

关键词： refrigerator-ejector FLUENT thermodynamic parameters entrainment ratio performance

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Effects of critical geometric parameters on the optical performance of a conical cavity receiver

Hu XIAO, Yanping ZHANG, Cong YOU, Chongzhe ZOU, Quentin FALCOZ

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 673-683 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0630-2

摘要： The optical performance of a receiver has a great influence on the efficiency and stability of a solar thermal power system. Most of the literature focuses on the optical performance of receivers with different geometric shapes, but less research is conducted on the effects of critical geometric parameters. In this paper, the commercial software TracePro was used to investigate the effects of some factors on a conical cavity receiver, such as the conical angle, the number of loops of the helical tube, and the distance between the focal point of the collector and the aperture. These factors affect the optical efficiency, the maximum heat flux density, and the light distribution in the conical cavity. The optical performance of the conical receiver was studied and analyzed using the Monte Carlo ray tracing method. To make a reliable simulation, the helical tube was attached to the inner wall of the cavity in the proposed model. The results showed that the amount of light rays reaching the helical tube increases with the increasing of the conical angle, while the optical efficiency decreases and the maximum heat flux density increases. The increase in the number of loops contributed to an increase in the optical efficiency and a uniform light distribution. The conical cavity receiver had an optimal optical performance when the focal point of the collector was near the aperture.

关键词： parabolic collector conical cavity receiver critical geometric parameters optical performance

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Effect of preparation parameters on catalytic properties of Pt/graphite

LIU Zhengqian, MA Jun, ZHAO Lei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 482-487 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0077-2

摘要： Catalytic ozonation of aqueous solutions of oxalic acid was examined in the presence of graphite-supported platinum catalysts. The catalytic activity of graphite was significantly enhanced by loading platinum. The removal efficiency of oxalic acid was 3.0%, 47.6% and 99.3% for ozonation alone, graphite catalytic ozonation and Pt/graphite catalytic ozonation in 30 min under the experimental condition, respectively. The influence of support pretreatment, solvent, impregnation time, platinum loading amount and reduction temperature on the activity of Pt/graphite catalyst was investigated. The pretreatment of graphite support had no effect on activity improvement of Pt/graphite catalyst. Solvent and impregnation time also had no great effect on the activity. Platinum loading amount and reduction temperature influenced the catalyst activity significantly. The optimal catalytic performance of Pt/graphite was obtained when 1.0% platinum loading and 623 K of reduction temperature was adopted. The Pt/graphite catalyst was used for five times with no significant decrease in its activity and more than 90% oxalic acid removal was obtained.

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An energy consumption prediction approach of die casting machines driven by product parameters

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 868-886 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0656-0

摘要： Die casting machines, which are the core equipment of the machinery manufacturing industry, consume great amounts of energy. The energy consumption prediction of die casting machines can support energy consumption quota, process parameter energy-saving optimization, energy-saving design, and energy efficiency evaluation; thus, it is of great significance for Industry 4.0 and green manufacturing. Nevertheless, due to the uncertainty and complexity of the energy consumption in die casting machines, there is still a lack of an approach for energy consumption prediction that can provide support for process parameter optimization and product design taking energy efficiency into consideration. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an energy consumption prediction approach for die casting machines driven by product parameters. Firstly, the system boundary of energy consumption prediction is defined, and subsequently, based on the energy consumption characteristics analysis, a theoretical energy consumption model is established. Consequently, a systematic energy consumption prediction approach for die casting machines, involving product, die, equipment, and process parameters, is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the proposed energy consumption prediction approach are verified with the help of three die casting machines and six types of products. The results show that the prediction accuracy of production time and energy consumption reached 91.64% and 85.55%, respectively. Overall, the proposed approach can be used for the energy consumption prediction of different die casting machines with different products.

关键词： die casting machine energy consumption prediction product parameters

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The influence of manufacturing parameters and adding support layer on the properties of Zirfon

Li XU,Yue YU,Wei LI,Yan YOU,Wei XU,Shaoxing ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 295-305 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1433-y

摘要： The composite separator comprising of polysulfone and zirconia was prepared by phase inversion precipitation technique. The influence of manufacturing parameters on its properties was investigated, and the results show that the manufacturing parameters affect the ionic resistance and maximum pore size significantly. A modified composite separator with a support layer was prepared to enhance the tensile strength of separator. By adding support layer, the tensile strength of the separator increases from 1.85 MPa to 13.66 MPa. In order to evaluate the practical applicability of the composite separator, a small-scale industrial electrolytic experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of cell voltage, gas purity and separator stability. The results show that the modified composite separator has a smaller cell voltage and a higher H purity than the asbestos separator, and are promising material for industrial hydrogen production.

关键词： separator alkaline water electrolysis manufacturing parameters support layer

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Steam turbine governor modeling and parameters testing for power system simulation

Ying LI, Chufeng PENG, Zenghui YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 198-203 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0004-2

摘要： The theoretical modeling, parameters test and model correction for a steam turbine (ST) governor are discussed. A set of ST Governor system model for power system simulation is created based on this research. A power system simulation for an actual power grid accident is conducted using this new model and the comparison between the simulation and actual data show that the results are satisfactory.

关键词： power system simulation ST governor system modeling parameters testing